Complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS; type 1, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and type 2, causalgia) involve persistent pain, allodynia, and vasomotor signs. Researchers in the USA conducted a prospective, randomised, single-blind trial of physical therapy (PT) and cognitive-behavioural treatment for children and adolescents with CRPS. Children aged 8–17 years (n = 28) were randomly assigned to either group A (PT once per week for 6 weeks) or group B (PT three times per week for six weeks). Both groups received six sessions of cognitive-behavioural treatment. Assessments of pain and function were repeated at two follow-ups. Outcomes were compared at the three time points with parametric or non-parametric analysis of variance and post hoc tests. All five measures of pain and function improved significantly in both groups after treatment, with sustained benefit evident in the majority of patients at long-term follow-up. Recurrent episodes were reported in 50% of patients, and 10 patients eventually received sympathetic blockade. Most children with CRPS showed reduced pain and improved function with a non-invasive rehabilitative treatment approach. Long-term functional outcomes were good.