Finnish doctors evaluated the efficacy of intensive isometric neck strength training and lighter endurance training of neck muscles on pain and disability in women with chronic, non-specific neck pain by conducting an examiner-blinded, RCT. A total of 180 female office workers between the ages of 25 years and 53 years with chronic, non-specific neck pain were recruited. Patients were randomly assigned to either two training groups or to a control group, with 60 patients in each group. The endurance training group performed dynamic neck exercises, which included lifting the head up from the supine and prone positions. The strength training group performed high-intensity isometric neck strengthening and stabilisation exercises with an elastic band. Both training groups performed dynamic exercises for the shoulders and upper extremities with dumb-bells. Groups were advised to do aerobic and stretching exercises regularly three times a week. Neck pain and disability were assessed by a VAS, the neck and shoulder pain and disability index, and the Vernon neck disability index. Intermediate outcome measures included mood assessed by a short depression inventory and by maximal isometric neck strength and range of motion measures. At the 12-month follow-up visit, both neck pain and disability had decreased in both training groups compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Maximal isometric neck strength had improved flexion by 110%, rotation by 76% and extension by 69% in the strength training group. The respective improvements in the endurance training group were 28%, 29% and 16% and in the control group were 10%, 10%, and 7%. Range of motion had also improved statistically significantly in both training groups compared with the control group in rotation, but only the strength training group had statistically significant improvements in lateral flexion and in flexion and extension.