Canadian investigators administered a questionnaire on the use of alternative and hormonal therapies to 500 consecutive men presenting for infertility evaluation at a male infertility clinic. The questionnaire asked about the use of specific therapies (e.g. vitamins, herbal medicine or hormones), the monthly cost of these therapies and whether or not the principal healthcare provider had been made aware of the use of these therapies. Of the 481 men who completed the questionnaire, 31% admitted to using one or more alternative therapies. Most of the men using alternative therapies (63%) were taking one or more antioxidant vitamins or minerals (i.e. vitamins C, E, selenium or zinc), and 18 men admitted to using herbal medicines. A total of 25 men reported using agents with clear hormonal activity (testosterone, clomiphene citrate), and six of these men had not informed their principal healthcare provider of this.