A total of 832 incident cases of endometrial cancer in women aged 30 to 69 years diagnosed during 1997–2001 and identified from the Shanghai Cancer Registry were compared to 846 control women, frequency matched to cases on age and randomly selected from the Shanghai Residential Registry. Regular consumption of soya foods, measured as amount of either soya protein or soya isoflavones, was inversely associated with the risk of endometrial cancer. Compared with women with the lowest quarter of intake, the adjusted OR of endometrial cancer was reduced from 0.93 to 0.85 and 0.67 with increasing quarter of soya protein intake. A similar inverse association was observed for soya isoflavones and soya fibre intake. The inverse association seemed to be more pronounced among women with high body-mass index and waist:hip ratio.