A group of researchers wanted to determine if the therapeutic effects of the homoeopathic complex remedy Euphorbium compositum nasal drops SN are comparable to those of xylometazoline with respect to efficacy and tolerability. They conducted an open, multicentre, prospective, active-controlled cohort study in patients with inflammatory processes and diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The primary outcome was to demonstrate non-inferiority of the homoeopathic complex remedy to xylometazoline. Clinically relevant reductions in the intensities of disease-specific symptoms were observed with both therapies. Non-inferiority of the homoeopathic complex remedy to xylometazoline could be shown for all studied variables and in no case did the lower boundary of the 95% CI cross the threshold of 0.5 score points. Tolerability was good for both therapies.