This article reviews the empirical studies found in the literature and documents the emergence of an evidence-based approach to the use of music therapy in hospice and palliative care. A total of 11 studies were reviewed; of these, six show significant differences supporting the use of music therapy in this area. Dependent variables positively affected by music therapy include pain, physical comfort, fatigue and energy, anxiety and relaxation, time and duration of treatment, mood, spirituality and quality of life.