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FACT
Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies

Blue print: serial dilution and agitation of aqueous solutions

Brands M1, Elia V2, Niccoli M2, Baumgartner S3
1Division of Primary Care, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK
2Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Naples, Italy
3Hiscia, Berne, Switzerland

Objective

Coherent, through different pathways, measurement of changes in watery solutions after serial dilution and agitation (SDA) as used in homoeopathic medicines.

Materials and methods

  1. The following methods have been developed to measure changes with respect to control liquids in aqueous solutions after the combined action of dilution and succession or agitation:
  • electrical conductivity of solutions changed
  • increase in heat production in calorimetry
  • nuclear magnetic resonance changes.
  1. Physics research has assessed that clusters of water are formed in which the hydrogen bonds are the links between the water molecules and the dissolved substance; these bonds produce vibrations that have a certain vibrational frequency (VF). Moreover, dilution of watery solutions increases the size of clusters.

These measurements are combined in several laboratories.

Results

The hypothesis developed from these methods is that SDA has the following impact on the physico-chemical properties of water:

  • VF changes occur as a result of SDA as this increases cluster formation by hydrogen bridging between water molecules
  • VF changes occur parallel to increased conductivity and excess of heat production
  • hydrogen bridging is specific for a certain substance, which means that VF changes are specific for substances.

Conclusion

Water solutions that are subject to SDA display changes, which may explain why homoeopathic remedies have a specific physico-chemical effect.

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